David Rowe VK5DGR gave a presentation on the amateur radio digital voice Codec2 to the linux.conf.au 2012 in Ballarat, Jan 16-20, and was voted best paper of the conference.
Codec2 is an open source low bit rate speech codec designed for communications quality speech at around 2400 bit/s.
Applications include low bandwidth HF/VHF digital radio and VOIP trunking. Codec 2 operating at 2000 bit/s can send 32 phone calls using the bandwidth required for one 64 kbit/s uncompressed phone call. It fills a gap in open source, free-as-in-speech voice codecs beneath 5000 bit/s and is released under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).
Watch Codec 2 - Open Source Speech Coding at 2400 bit/s and Below - David Rowe