"Back to the future" - countdown to Shuttle return
to flight
Launch pad 39B at Kennedy Space Center in Florida will
soon see the Shuttle blasting off again for a new exciting mission in
space. According to NASA’s current schedule, this will be between
15 May and 3 June (the precise date will be set once the flight readiness
review process has been completed at the end of April).
The success of this mission will secure the future of the International
Space Station (ISS), as the Shuttle is the only spacecraft capable of
transporting new modules from the USA, Europe and Japan to continue its
construction. ESA needs the Shuttle to deliver its Columbus laboratory
to the ISS, where it will enable international crews to conduct a variety
of experiments in material sciences, medicine, biology and technology.
Through the nationally-funded European Soyuz missions with ESA astronauts
to the ISS, today Europe has become the largest scientific user of the
Space Station, while ESA has developed sophisticated multi-purpose experimental
facilities for the Columbus laboratory to further enhance the ISS utilisation
programme.
Since the Columbia accident on 1 February 2003, NASA has made steady
progress in addressing key safety issues and preparing the Shuttle fleet
for spaceflight. Improvements include:
·a redesigned external tank, which reduces the risk of foam hitting
the orbiter during lift-off;
·new sensors at the leading edges of the wings to detect debris
impact using accelerometers and real-time transmission of data;
·more and improved cameras on the Shuttle and on the ground to
detect debris;
·an extension boom to the Shuttle's Canadian robotic arm that
will allow astronauts to inspect the spacecraft for any damage.
The seven-strong Discovery crew will fly to the ISS to test and evaluate
the new technologies and procedures for Shuttle inspection and in-orbit
repair. The crew are: Commander Eileen Collins - this is only the second
ever Shuttle mission headed by a woman - Pilot James Kelly, Mission Specialists
Soichi Noguchi from Japan, Steve Robinson, Andy Thomas, Wendy Lawrence
and Charles Camarda.
Steve Robinson and Soichi Noguchi will make three spacewalks outside
the Shuttle. STS-114 will be the third trip to the ISS for the European-built
multi-purpose logistics module (MPLM), now named "Raffaello".
It’s essentially a "removal van" that transports supplies
to the Station. Raffaello will deliver consumables and supplies, notably
food, water and air, and of particular interest to the media, batteries
and a photo and TV resupply kit with new camera lenses and videotapes.
Twelve days after lift-off, Discovery is scheduled to re-enter the atmosphere
and land at the Kennedy Space Center.
Successful completion of this flight will open the door to further missions
by ESA astronauts to the ISS. With the Shuttle's return to flight, the
size of the permanent expedition crews on the ISS can be brought back
to three, leading to resumption of the full experimental programme.
In 2006 ESA’s unmanned Automatic Transfer Vehicle (ATV) will make
its maiden flight, having been put into orbit by an Ariane 5 launcher,
carrying equipment, propellant, food, water and air for the crew on board
the ISS, after which it will be performing similar missions every 12 to
18 months.
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